Is it Legal to Collect Rainwater in Virginia?

Best Ways to Collect Rainwater in Virginia

Installing a rainwater harvesting system can help create a more sustainable home but some of these systems can be complex, for most you shouldn’t need much more than a rain barrel.

Here are the best methods for rainwater collection:

1. Rain Barrels: A rain barrel is ideal for homeowners looking for an affordable or “easy” option to start collecting rainwater. These can be installed under gutter downspouts to collect runoff from rooftops and are great for watering gardens or your landscaping.
2. Cisterns: A cistern is used to store larger amounts of rainwater and offer a slightly more advanced solution to a barrel. These can be above or below ground and are great for irrigation or industrial use.
3. Complex Integrated System: A professional installer can often build a much more complex system that connects to your in-home plumbing often offsetting hundreds of dollars in water or sewage costs. Rainwater can be used for non-potable things such as flushing the toilet or washing your clothes.

What Can You Use Rainwater For in Virginia?

The Virginia Plumbing Code (VPC, 2018) defines the following specific onsite non-potable water reuse applications for treated rainwater from rainwater collection and distribution systems:

• Toilets and urinals
• Mechanical equipment
• Hose connections not connected to potable water
• Vehicle washing
• Lawn maintenance
• Service sinks

The plumbing code does not state any other specific use cases. The general rule of thumb is that if it can’t be consumed by a human then you should be allowed to reuse the water. If you are unsure if you want to take the chance then you should reach out to your local municipality.

Water Quality Requirements

Virginia does specify that the rainwater collected must meet certain quality criteria to be used, even in non-potable methods.

The rainwater you collect must be disinfected and filtered by a 100-micron or finer filter before use.

Virginia’s Laws and Regulations for Rainwater Collection

To recap, it is not illegal to collect rainwater in Virginia. You are allowed to install and use a rainwater harvesting system. This practice has grown in popularity for water conservation, storm water management, and sustainability.

You are limited to above-ground impervious roofing services. The collection surface, roof gutters and downspouts must be constructed from approved materials that meet the quality desired for use according to the Virginia Plumbing Code.

Downspouts, conductors and leaders must be connected to a pre-tank filtration device that excludes materials larger than 0.015 inches (0.4 millimeters) from entering the storage tank.

Roof gutters, downspouts, leaders and rainwater collection piping must have a continuous slope toward collection inlets. Gutters and downspouts require a slope ≥ 1 unit in 96 units and do not permit pooling of water at any point along the slope.

Roof gutters and downspouts must be sized based on local rainfall rates and flow rates from the roof surface. Cleanouts must be provided in the rainwater collection system to allow access to all filters, flushes, pipes and downspouts.

You can learn more about the Virginia Plumbing Code here.

Restrictions and Limitations on Rainwater Harvesting in Virginia

There are no restrictions on the amount of water you can collect but there are limitations on usage for it to be for non-potable purposes only.

Zoning and Land Use Considerations

Before installing a rainwater harvesting system in Virginia, it’s essential to be aware of local zoning and land use regulations, as these can vary by county or municipality.

• Zoning Laws: Zoning laws can impact where and how you can install your rainwater collection system. For instance, in urban or suburban areas, there may be restrictions on the placement of large cisterns or collection tanks, especially if they could affect stormwater runoff or neighboring properties. Always verify zoning requirements with your local planning department.
• Building Codes: Rainwater harvesting systems, particularly those integrated into plumbing, must comply with Virginia’s building codes. This includes guidelines for safe construction, overflow systems, and materials used in the collection system to ensure public health and safety.
• Stormwater Management: Many counties have specific stormwater management regulations designed to prevent flooding or water pollution. These rules might limit the amount of rainwater you can collect or require additional infrastructure, like overflow systems or drainage to mitigate the impact on public stormwater systems.

Before installing a rainwater harvesting system, you should always consult with your local zoning and planning departments to ensure compliance with the latest codes and ordinances.

Permit Requirements for Rainwater Collection Systems

In Virginia, rain barrels and cisterns used for rainwater harvesting may require a permit, depending on their size and complexity. For systems designed by a professional engineer, and especially those that integrate into a building’s plumbing system, the Department of Environmental Quality often necessitates adherence to specific permit requirements.

Application Process and Documentation

Your application for a rainwater harvesting system begins with submitting detailed documentation to local authorities. This includes design blueprints, calculations from a professional engineer if necessary, and the proposed site plan. Ensure to provide accurate information to smoothen the application process for your permit.

Building Codes and Standards

Adhering to building codes and standards is a crucial part of installing your system. The Virginia Plumbing Code will have specific guidelines related to rainwater collection systems. These are designed to ensure safe installation and use of collection systems, maintaining public health and safety standards.

Compliance and Inspection Procedures

Once your system is installed, compliance with state regulations is not a one-time affair but an ongoing commitment. Expect regular inspection procedures to confirm the system’s operation within legal boundaries. Maintaining records of such inspections will help demonstrate compliance with all necessary legal requirements.

Incentives and Support for Rainwater Harvesting in Virginia

Rainwater harvesting in Virginia is encouraged by various programs and financial incentives. Your awareness of these can aid in sustainable water management and conservation efforts.

Incentives and Rebates for Rainwater Collection

In Virginia, rainwater harvesting is recognized as a valuable means of water conservation. To promote this practice, the state has offered rebates and tax credits. For example, until recently, Virginia extended state tax credits to homeowners who installed rainwater harvesting systems. These initiatives typically encompass the installation of rain barrels and cisterns, making the upfront costs more manageable for you.

Support Programs and NGOs

Various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community support programs are active in encouraging rainwater harvesting practices. They offer educational resources, workshops, and technical support, helping to increase the adoption of these systems. Through cooperation with local and state authorities, NGOs strive to bolster the implementation of rainwater harvesting both in urban and rural settings.

Federal and State Grants for Sustainable Water Management

You may access federal and state grants aimed at promoting sustainable water management, of which rainwater harvesting is a significant part. These grants aim to foster innovative practices in water conservation across different sectors – from residential to industrial. Participating in such grant programs can provide you with financial assistance for large-scale rainwater harvesting projects, contributing to long-term ecological and economic benefits.

Historical Background of Water Laws in Virginia

In Virginia, the doctrine of prior appropriation has not been the primary legal principle as it has been in many western states; rather, water rights have traditionally aligned with riparian rights, reflecting the British common law heritage.

Over time, policies regarding water usage have had to adapt to a growing population and increased environmental concerns. The introduction of House Bill 16-1005 was a significant turning point, allowing for the legal use of rainwater harvesting systems on residential property.

Similarly, the Rainwater Capture Act of 2012 represents a recent development in Virginia law, affirming the rights of individuals to install systems for rainwater harvesting. These policies reflect a modern understanding of sustainable water practices and encourage conservation efforts.

Climate Considerations and Regional Variability in Virginia

When setting up a rainwater harvesting system in Virginia, it’s important to consider the state’s varied climate and rainfall patterns.

1. Seasonal Rainfall: Virginia experiences different rainfall amounts depending on the region and season. Coastal areas typically see more rainfall than inland regions, with spring and summer bringing the most rain. Make sure your system can handle heavier rainfall during these seasons and adjust for lighter rain in the winter.
2. Acid Rain: Certain areas in Virginia, especially near industrial zones, may experience acid rain. This can affect the quality of collected rainwater, particularly for irrigation or systems where the water is in contact with plants or soil. It’s a good idea to install filtration systems if you’re in these regions to avoid potential harm to your garden or landscape.
3. Stormwater Runoff: Heavy rains can lead to excess runoff, especially in urban areas. When designing your system, plan for overflow management to prevent flooding or damage to your property.

By tailoring your rainwater collection setup to the climate in your specific region of Virginia, you can maximize efficiency while ensuring that your system remains resilient year-round.

Environmental and Sustainability Aspects

When considering the legality of rainwater harvesting in Virginia, you must understand its environmental impact, the sustainability practices involved, and its role in climate resilience.

The Environmental Impact of Rainwater Harvesting in Virginia

Rainwater harvesting is a significant practice in mitigating environmental impacts related to water resource management. By collecting rainfall, you reduce runoff which can decrease soil erosion and water pollution. Studies, such as the one titled “Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting on Residential Housing on Virginia Tech Campus”, suggest that rainwater harvesting can benefit the environment by reducing the demand on existing water supplies and minimizing stormwater runoff.

Sustainable Practices in Rainwater Harvesting

Sustainable rainwater harvesting involves the use of systems designed to maximize water efficiency and minimize waste. For instance, using rain barrels or cisterns to capture rainwater from rooftops can provide a sustainable water source for your gardening and other non-potable uses. The adoption of rainwater harvesting practices aligns with sustainability goals by conserving water and reducing the reliance on treated water sources.

Role of Rainwater Harvesting in Climate Resilience

In the face of climate change, rainwater harvesting serves as an adaptation strategy that can improve your resilience to variable rainfall patterns. By capturing and storing rainwater, you are prepared for dry periods, contributing to a more stable water supply. Furthermore, rainwater harvesting infrastructure can help to buffer against the impacts of extreme weather events, making it a valuable component in climate resilience planning.

Official Virginia State Resources and Guides for Rainwater Harvesting in Virginia

In Virginia, you have access to various official resources and guides that support and regulate rainwater harvesting. The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) provides guidance on rainwater harvesting practices, ensuring that you adhere to state policies when collecting rainwater.

Guidelines and Technical Resources:

• Virginia Rainwater Harvesting Manual: A comprehensive guide detailing the process, benefits, and methods of rainwater harvesting within the state.
• Virginia Stormwater Management Handbook: Offers insights on integrating rainwater harvesting systems into stormwater management plans.

Tax Incentives and Policies:

• Tax Credits: Virginia previously offered tax credits for the implementation of rainwater harvesting systems, intended to promote sustainable water practices.

Educational Materials:

• Workshops and Seminars: Educational programs are often provided by the state or affiliated organizations to educate homeowners and businesses about the importance and implementation of rainwater harvesting systems.

Remember, always consult the latest laws and regulations to ensure compliance with state policies. The DEQ and local government offices can provide the most current information.

Contact and Further Inquiries

For individuals seeking guidance on rainwater harvesting in Virginia, it is essential to connect with the appropriate state and local entities. These agencies provide support and necessary information to ensure that your rainwater collection practices comply with state laws.

Virginia Agencies Contact for Rainwater Harvesting Queries

• Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
  • Inquiries: Specific questions about the legal aspects of rainwater harvesting.
  • Contact Information: Visit the DEQ’s official website or call their main office for direct assistance.
• Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE)
  • Support: Offers guidance and educational resources on sustainable rainwater management.
  • Contact Information: Access local extension services through the VCE website or contact the nearest office for personalized support.

Local Government Resources and Assistance

• County/City Public Works Department
  • Assistance: Provides local regulations and potential permits needed for rainwater collection.
  • Contact Information: Check your local government’s website or call your city or county’s public works department for detailed advice.
• Municipal Environmental Programs
  • Resources: May offer workshops, rebates, or incentives for rainwater harvesting.
  • Contact Information: Contact your city hall or visit the municipal website to explore available programs and resources.

Frequently Asked Questions

Navigating the legal landscape of rainwater collection in Virginia can be straightforward once you’re acquainted with the existing regulations and benefits.

Are there any legal restrictions on rainwater harvesting in Virginia?

Virginia state law allows rainwater harvesting by individuals. However, you must comply with state construction and health codes. Specific localities may have ordinances that govern the use of rainwater harvesting systems, so it’s essential to check with your local government.

What incentives are available for setting up a rainwater collection system in Virginia?

In some cases, local governments in Virginia may offer incentives like rebate programs or technical guidance for residents who install rainwater harvesting systems. An example is the Rain Barrel Program in Arlington County that promotes the use of rain barrels.

Does Virginia offer a tax credit for rainwater collection systems?

As of the current knowledge cutoff date, Virginia does not offer a statewide tax credit specifically for rainwater collection systems. However, certain localities may provide financial incentives, which could include tax abatements or fee reductions.

Can homeowners legally use rain barrels in Virginia for rainwater collection?

Yes, homeowners in Virginia can legally use rain barrels for rainwater collection. The use of rain barrels is typically subject to conditions outlined in local municipal codes, ensuring they do not cause any public health issues or mosquito breeding.

What are the benefits of rainwater harvesting for Virginia residents?

Rainwater harvesting offers several benefits including reducing the demand on municipal water systems, lowering water bills, and providing a sustainable landscaping irrigation source. It also helps in managing stormwater runoff, which can protect local waterways from pollution.

How does Virginia’s legislation compare with other states regarding rainwater collection?

Virginia’s approach to rainwater collection is generally supportive and similar to states that encourage sustainable water use practices. For example, states like Texas and Ohio also promote rainwater harvesting through various legislative measures and programs.